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Advanced Features of CPU Technologies |
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By jon crain
 A CPU, or central processing unit, is the brains of the electronic system it controls. The most familiar system also called microprocessors are found in desktop and laptop personal computers, yet millions of processing chips are also used in what we call embedded applications.
These control units are programmable. In other words they can be programmed to execute a range of instructions, to perform arithmetic and logical operations on data, and control input/output of data. This makes PC very versatile.
They may as we see in the familiar example of PCs run lots of different programs. They may also be programmed to perform the specific functions required in a range of different types of electronic equipment, ranging from consumer electronics for the home to mobile devices to enterprise IT equipment for the data center.
Embedded unit may be combined with other circuitry to create a system on a chip (SoC) solution. For example the chips used to power mobile phones, network switching equipment and hard disk drive controllers all incorporate CPUs that are embedded in SoC solutions.
A computer is
typically the fastest running and most advanced component in any SoC. Because it is programmable, the processing unit can be called upon to perform a wide range of tasks. Often these include tasks that were not considered or did not exist when the product was originally designed.
Optimized for low power consumption and high performance, CPU technology is embedded in system on a chip (SoC) solutions that go into many of the most widely used smart phones, set top boxes, disk drives, routers and switches.
As one of a few select companies to hold a full ARM architecture license, Marvell is strongly positioned to leverage the pervasiveness of the ARM architecture.
The processing systems that power our PCs are good at what they do, but they consume a lot of energy and put out a lot of heat. So the battery life of a laptop PC, for example, is limited to a few hours. And the size of a laptop PC is to some extent dictated by the need for heat dissipation.
Just as one architectural approach to processing unit design is dominant in the PC world, another known as the ARM instruction set compliant approach is dominant in the world of embedded CPUs. Over 80 percent of all high performance PC in the embedded world is ARM instruction set compliant.
One major function of system architecture is to define the types of instructions that software programs can pass to the central processing chip. The architecture also defines various other aspects that enable software to work with the main chip. This is a difference between CPU architecture versus micro architecture.
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